Radon Poisoning: The Hidden Health Risk from High Levels of Exposure

Introduction to Radon Poisoning

Radon poisoning is an invisible and often overlooked threat in many Canadian homes. This radioactive gas seeps into buildings from the ground and can accumulate indoors—particularly in basements and ground-floor rooms where ventilation is limited. Unlike carbon monoxide, radon has no smell, taste, or colour, making it impossible to detect without testing. Prolonged exposure is directly linked to serious health conditions, especially lung cancer, making awareness, early detection, and prevention essential.

What is Radon and Where Does it Come From?

Radon is produced naturally when uranium in soil, rock, and groundwater breaks down. Outdoors, it dissipates quickly and poses little risk. Indoors, however, it can concentrate to dangerous levels—especially in areas with uranium-rich geology and certain soil types, such as parts of Alberta and Ontario. It typically enters through cracks in foundations, sump pits, floor drains, and poorly sealed construction joints.

Identifying High Levels of Radon Exposure

Radon becomes hazardous when inhaled over extended periods. Radioactive particles from radon decay can damage lung tissue and cause cellular mutations. Unlike toxins that cause immediate symptoms, the effects of radon exposure develop silently over years, often appearing only once serious conditions—like lung cancer—have developed.

Radon in Canadian Homes

Health Canada estimates that roughly 10% of Canadian households exceed the national guideline of 200 Bq/m³. Cold climates can worsen the risk, as homes are sealed tightly in winter, reducing ventilation. The only reliable way to detect radon is through testing—ideally a long-term test over at least 90 days—to determine average exposure levels.

Health Risks: Radon and Lung Cancer

Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in Canada, after smoking. Non-smokers are not immune—radon exposure alone can cause lung cancer in healthy individuals. For smokers, the combined risk is significantly higher. Because symptoms often appear only in advanced stages, early detection through testing is vital.

Long-Term Health Effects

Chronic exposure to radon can cause lasting lung damage. Symptoms such as persistent cough, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort may take years to develop. The delayed onset makes radon especially dangerous, as many people only learn of the risk after a serious diagnosis.

Measuring Radon Levels

Testing for radon is straightforward and affordable. Homeowners can purchase long-term radon test kits or hire certified professionals for more detailed assessments. Long-term testing—at least 90 days—is the most accurate and should be repeated every few years, as radon levels can vary seasonally.

Vulnerable Groups

While radon affects everyone, certain groups are more vulnerable, including children, seniors, and individuals with pre-existing lung conditions like asthma or chronic bronchitis. In homes with at-risk individuals, testing and mitigation should be prioritized.

Prevention and Mitigation

Reducing radon levels can involve:

• Installing a sub-slab depressurization system (the most effective method)

• Sealing foundation cracks and other entry points

• Improving ventilation in lower levels of the home

• Incorporating radon-resistant techniques in new construction

These measures are cost-effective compared to the long-term health consequences of unchecked exposure.

Canadian Standards and Thresholds

Health Canada recommends action if radon levels exceed 200 Bq/m³. The World Health Organization suggests a lower limit of 100 Bq/m³ for greater protection. While the Canadian guideline balances feasibility and health risk, any reduction in radon exposure lowers potential health impacts.

Consequences of Ignoring Radon

Failing to address high radon levels can lead to serious health consequences, including lung cancer. Beyond personal health, radon issues can affect property value—many buyers now ask for radon testing during real estate transactions.

Action Steps to Protect Against Radon Poisoning

1. Test your home or workplace with a long-term radon detection kit.

2. If levels are above guidelines, hire a certified mitigation professional.

3. Educate your family and community about the dangers of radon and the importance of testing.

Raising awareness and taking action can protect both health and property, creating safer environments for all Canadians.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: What is Radon poisoning?

Radon poisoning refers to the health damage caused by prolonged inhalation of radioactive Radon gas, which can lead to severe lung issues, particularly lung cancer.

Q2: How do I know if I have high levels of Radon in my home?

The only reliable method is to perform a long-term Radon test, ideally lasting 90 days or more, which provides an accurate average of indoor Radon exposure.

Q3: Can Radon poisoning cause lung cancer in non-smokers?

Yes, Radon is the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers in Canada, making it a concern for all households, regardless of smoking status.

Q4: How can I reduce Radon levels in my home?

Reducing Radon levels typically involves installing a Radon mitigation system and sealing cracks in the foundation to prevent gas from entering